Search results for "Experimental model"
showing 10 items of 42 documents
Approaching Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Non-Coding RNA Research
2020
International audience; Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the biggest cause of sickness and mortality worldwide in both males and females. Clinical statistics demonstrate clear sex differences in risk, prevalence, mortality rates, and response to treatment for different entities of CVD. The reason for this remains poorly understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as key mediators and biomarkers of CVD. Similarly, current knowledge on differential regulation, expression, and pathology-associated function of ncRNAs between sexes is minimal. Here, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of what is known on sex differences in ncRNA research in CVD as well as discussing the contributing biol…
Random allogeneic blood transfusion in pigs: characterisation of a novel experimental model.
2019
BackgroundOrgan cross-talk describes interactions between a primary affected organ and a secondarily injured remote organ, particularly in lung-brain interactions. A common theory is the systemic distribution of inflammatory mediators that are released by the affected organ and transferred through the bloodstream. The present study characterises the baseline immunogenic effects of a novel experimental model of random allogeneic blood transfusion in pigs designed to analyse the role of the bloodstream in organ cross-talk.MethodsAfter approval of the State and Institutional Animal Care Committee, 20 anesthetized pig were randomized in a donor and an acceptor (eachn = 8): the acceptor animals …
An experimental model for the exposure of human ciliated cells to sulfur dioxide at different concentrations
1994
Mucociliary transport is an important nonimmunological defense mechanism of the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) at different concentrations on ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Ciliated cells were obtained from 12 volunteers by nose brush. CBF was quantified using video-interference microscopy. The cells were placed on a polycarbonate membrane in contact with the surface of a reservoir filled with RPMI 1640 (bicarbonate buffered) or Ringer's (electrolyte) solution, allowing the cells to be supplied by capillarity. In an exposure chamber the cells were exposed for 30 min to SO2 2.5-12.5 ppm at 37 degrees C and 100% air humidity. SO2 …
Behavioral effects of different enriched environments in mice treated with the cholinergic agonist PNU-282987.
2013
Abstract Environmental enrichment is an experimental model in which rodents are housed in complex environments that favor lower levels of anxiety-like behavior. PNU-282987 (PNU) is a α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with beneficial effects on learning though its effects on anxiety are unclear. Our main aim was to carry out a study of its effects in NMRI ( n = 96) mice reared in different environments: environmental enrichment (EE), Marlau™ cages (MC) and standard environment (SE). After a 4-month period, mice received acute treatment of PNU (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) and were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board (HB). In the EPM, both EE and MC reared mice showed …
Experimental investigations on a model of cryogenic edema.
1987
The role of mechanisms underlying formation and progression of vasogenic brain edema is investigated. On this purpose, cerebral edema was produced by cortical freezing in two different brain situations in rabbits (with or without replacement of bone flap). BBB (Blood-Brain Barrier) breakdown was evaluated by observation of Evans blue extravation, while a histopathological evaluation was carried out by light and transmission electron microscopy. Water content of brain tissue was determined by the wet/dry weight ratio method. Comparison of extension and intensity of cerebral edema between these two groups of animals shows a statistically significant difference: there was evidence of higher wa…
The extracorporeal perfusion of the female pig detrusor as an experimental model for the study of bladder contractility.
2007
Aims The objective of the study was to establish an experimental model for the extracorporeal perfusion of the pig detrusor. In order to validate this model we examined some biochemical parameters and determined the effect of carbachol on the contractility of perfused female pig bladders. Methods Twenty-six pig bladders were perfused with Krebs–Ringer bicarbonate-glucose buffer for a period up to 5 hr with the aim to preserve a viable organ, which would be responsive to contraction-inducing agents. The intravesical pressure of the bladder as well as the intraarterial pressure of the vesical arteries were recorded before and after administration of carbachol. Results The perfusate pH, lactat…
Influence of age on osteoarthritis progression after anterior cruciate ligament transection in rats.
2013
Abstract The anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of osteoarthritis (OA) in young rats is widely used to study the pathogenesis of OA and possible treatment approaches. As aging is a key factor in the progression of this condition, it is hypothesized that animals may vary in their responses to ACLT according to their age. The histopathological features of young (2 month-old) and middle-aged (12 month-old) rats in the presence or absence of ACLT were compared. The results indicated that moderate degradative changes can be detected in the knee joints of sham-operated middle-aged rats compared with young animals. After ACLT, cartilage degradation was significantly higher in midd…
Instrument transfer as knowledge transfer in neurophysiology: François Magendie's (1783-1855) early attempts to measure cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
2007
Francois Magendie's (1783-1855) experimental model for measuring blood pressure in animals, which he developed in 1838, had a major impact on French physiology in the nineteenth century, especially upon Etienne-Jules Marey (1830-1904) in Paris. In due course it was also adopted by other European investigators, such as the Leipzig physiologist Carl Ludwig (1816-1895), and by clinicians who developed it into a major measuring tool. Historians of science, however, have paid hardly any attention to Magendie's further laboratory investigations conducted with the assistance of Jean-Louis Marie Poiseuille's (1799-1869) sphygmometre (blood pressure meter). After having used the apparatus to conduct…
Differences in tissue distribution of iron from various clinically used intravenous iron complexes in fetal avian heart and liver.
2015
Abstract Nanomedicines are more complex than most pharmacologically active substances or medicines and have been considered as non-biological complex drugs. For nanomedicines pivotal pharmacokinetic properties cannot be assessed by plasma concentration data from standard bioequivalence studies. Using intravenous iron complexes (IICs) as model we show that fetal avian tissues can be used to study time dependent tissue concentrations in heart and liver. Clear differences were found between equimolar doses of sucrose, gluconate or carboxymaltose coated iron particles. The range in tissue iron concentrations observed with these clinically widely used IICs provides an orientation as to what shou…
Using A Heating Cable Within The Abdomen To Make Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Easier: Feasibility And Safety Study In The Swine
2009
International audience; BACKGROUND: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a complex, expensive and time-consuming procedure. Despite its good results in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis, these factors have precluded the wider use of this procedure around the world. We hypothesized that HIPEC could be performed by heating the liquid within the abdomen and thus avoiding the need for an external heating circuit and a pump. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of an internal heating device for hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in an experimental model. METHODS: Four large-white pigs underwent one-hour open intraperitoneal hyperthermia w…